Mehrotra, Ranjana and Tyagi, Gunjan and Charak, Sonika and Ray, Bhumika and Kadayaprath, Geeta and Chaturvedi, Harit and Mukherjee, Urmi and Abrari, Andleeb (2018) Biospectroscopic analysis of human breast cancer tissue: probing infrared signatures to comprehend biochemical alterations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 36 (3). pp. 761-766. ISSN 0739-1102

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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most studied and lead- ing form of malignancy in human females. Currently, studies conducted in the fi eld of breast cancer focuses on its early detection using noninvasive or minimally inva- sive techniques in lieu of traditional excisional biopsy, as cancer treatment is often simpler and effective, when diagnosed at an early stage. Mammography is the fi rst step, usually performed in diagnosing breast cancer, but at times mammogram may not be able to provide a clear picture. In addition, biopsy is performed to con fi rm the presence or absence of tumor, which is associated with false-positive results. Consequently, the limitations of current screening methods have shifted the focal area of oncological research in applying biospectroscopy tech- niques for diagnostics (Gajjar et al., 2014 ). Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are versatile vibrational spectroscopy methods that have been used to discriminate normal and cancer tissue and/or cell of dif- ferent kinds, including endometrial cancer, cervical can- cer, lung cancer, precancerous lesion, and brain tumors (Gajjar et al., 2013 ). Coupled with some algorithms (Gajjar et al., 2013 ), these spectroscopic outcomes can deliver an objective, high throughput and low-cost solu- tion to breast cancer diagnosis. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) has expanded its application in the fi eld of human biology, since it was revealed that biological molecules present in a living tissue possess vibrational features that can be studied to derive their molecular information. Thus, the biochemical modi fi cation in a normal tissue/cell can be analyzed and compared to its malignant state (Gajjar et al., 2014 ). Further, several reports have highlighted its advancement in both near- and mid- infrared regions, making it an ef fi cient and convenient method for clinical purposes. From last few years, FTIR spectrophotometer has been exploited to study the molecular and structural characteristics of proteins, car- bohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Initially, Chirgadze and Nevskaya in 1976 studied the infrared spectral fea- tures of amide I and amide II (Chirgadze & Nevskaya, 1976 ). Further, in an investigation, Liquier and his col- leagues (Liquier, Taboury, Taillandier, & Brahms, 1977 ) demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy could be utilized to identify the different conformations of DNA (Liquier et al., 1977 ). In the year 2000, using infrared spectro- scopic vibrations, Bouchard and his co-researchers, revealed the structure of insulin and described the forma- tion of amyloid fi brils via insulin, which involves sub- stantial unfolding of the native protein (Bouchard, Zurdo, Nettleton, Dobson, & Robinson, 2000 ). Since then, many more complex studies have been conducted on proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) structures, their conformations and interactions with small ligands. The biochemical changes in a cell/tissue generally lead to nuclear, cytoplasmic and morphological variations and hence, FTIR spectroscopy could detect these alterations during the developmental stages of cancer before mor- phological and cytological changes are evident under light microscope. Many studies have shown that spectro- scopic techniques (with different sampling modes) can differentiate the biochemistry of normal and neoplastic cells. It has been employed to investigate the carcinoma of the breast, esophagus, colon, stomach, and prostate signi fi cantl

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Copyright for this article belongs to M/s Taylor & Francis.
Subjects:	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biophysics
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	Mr. Yogesh Joshi
Date Deposited:	03 Apr 2019 11:00
Last Modified:	03 Apr 2019 11:00
URI:	http://npl.csircentral.net/id/eprint/4043

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