Karar, N. and Singh, S. K. (2019) EFFECTS OF LOCAL CHEMICAL MINERALOGY ON THE LONG TERM DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES - EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE:AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE USING XRF. The Indian Concrete Journal. pp. 58-64. ISSN 0019-4565

PDF - Published Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (196Kb) | Request a copy

Abstract

Analyses of chemical constituents in sand were undertaken after these sand samples were collected from different sources, including river sand and manufactured sand from all over India, ensuring a fair representation. Indian subcontinent is home to 20% of the worlds’ population. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) results along with data from X-Ray diffraction suggested that Indian sand is not necessarily pure silica based sand but all most always has calcium carbonate as a constituent. Its content varied from a few percent to majority fraction of the sand at certain locations. This can chemically react with acidic ground water (hard water) and make any exposed concrete porous and susceptible to further degradation based on capillary action. As calcium salts like carbonate was present in non-negligible amounts, such sand samples need to be leached with dilute acids and such content removed to make the sand chemically more stable before mixing with cement for production of reinforced concrete, for better durability even in slightly acidic environments with nonpotable ground water or in areas close to the sea coast or areas with tidal effects.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Copyright for this article belongs to M/S Indian Concrete Journal.
Subjects:	Engineering > Engineering (General)
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	Ms Neetu Chandra
Date Deposited:	25 Feb 2019 07:33
Last Modified:	25 Feb 2019 07:33
URI:	http://npl.csircentral.net/id/eprint/4017

Actions (login required)

View Item